Working memory is impaired in mouse and monkey models of AD, as well as in patients with AD [204,214,215,216], and several astrocytic components that facilitate working memory are altered, including IP3R2, GABAB [217,218], adenosine A2A receptors [219], IGF-1 receptors [220,221], connexin 43 hemichannels [222], and mitochondrial SOD2 [223]. This evidence concerns the gene ITPR2 and Alzheimer disease.