When controlling for age, male sex, preoperative functional health status, history of CHF, history of a bleeding disorder, mFI-5, ASA, preoperative albumin level, preoperative HCT level, preoperative WCC, operative time, fusion procedure (vs. decompression only), and perioperative transfusion, unplanned surgery (OR 1.84 [95% CI 1.25 to 2.72]; p = 0.002) was found to independently predict 30-day mortality (Table 4). Here, ALB is linked to congestive heart failure.