Cancer zone A exhibited elevated activity in the WNT, JAK-STAT, EGFR, MAPK, VEGF, and TGFβ signaling pathways, whereas cancer zone B was characterized by predominant activation of the WNT, p53, TRAIL, NF-κB, TNFα, and hypoxia pathways (Figure 2E). This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and cancer.