VCL and cancer: We thereby identified potential driver mutations, which mainly included tyrosine receptor growth factors, growth factor receptors, mitogenic intracellular signaling pathways and cell-adhesion molecules, such as ERBB2, EGFR, FGFR, RAS-ERK signaling, MDM-p21, integrin alpha and beta, talin, vinculin and cohesin (Figure 6A), all molecules are known to regulate cancer.