TGFB1 and neoplasm: Further analyses of gene mutation and expression within tumor biopsies identified 3 classes of biological pathways that may interact with avelumab treatment effect: (1) increased tumor immunogenicity, including APOBEC3-associated mutagenesis; (2) increased activity of both innate and adaptive immune pathways; and (3) decreased expression of genes associated with signaling pathways linked to tissue growth, such as Notch, angiogenesis, and TGF-β.