Specifically, elevated circulating levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-12 (IL-12), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) suggest that the gut microbiota may orchestrate a systemic immunostimulatory state that bridges intestinal and tumor immune compartments [64,65]. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and neoplasm.