CD38 and acute lymphoblastic leukemia: To determine the lineage of ALL, the following markers were used: CD34, TdT, CD19, CD20, CD22, CD79a, cyIgM, CD7, CD5, CD3, CD2, CD4, CD8, CD1a, CD99, CD13, CD14, CD33, CD117, MPO, CD15, CD66c, CD64, CD56, CD61, Glycophorin A, CD38, CD10, HLA-DR, CD123, CD9, NG2, and CD71.