In a more recent model, proximal tubule-specific deletion of MnSOD in diabetic mice produced stage-dependent effects: early diabetes was associated with improved kidney function via NRF2 activation and enhanced fatty acid oxidation, while late-stage disease showed worsened renal injury due to impaired mitochondrial respiration and heightened inflammation, highlighting MnSOD’s dual role in disease progression [59]. The gene discussed is SOD2; the disease is diabetes mellitus.