Since we found a significant upregulation for Nox1 and Nox4 transcripts in dERM with respect to PDR and an opposite trend in no-dERM, we can conclude that Nox1 and Nox4 can drive the impairments of retinal vascular permeability and promote the expression of inflammatory factors, as well as angiogenic factors in retinal diseases [47]. Here, NOX4 is linked to Abnormal retinal morphology.