TNF and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Similarly, Šmid et al. [77] demonstrated that dietary enrichment with n-3 PUFAs in a high-fat methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) diet model over six weeks led to marked reductions in hepatic expression of IL-1 and TNF-α, highlighting the potential of n-3 PUFAs to mitigate inflammation associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).