In another study, CA applied at doses of 20 and 50 μmol/L was shown to inhibit the expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α and the activation of the toll-like receptor 4/myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (TLR4/MyD88) signaling pathway in LPS-induced osteoarthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes [93]. The gene discussed is TLR4; the disease is osteoarthritis.