TNF and metastatic melanoma: For example, Cabello et al. [17] demonstrated that CA and 4-methoxycinnamaldehyde with intact Michael acceptor ability were able to inhibit the proliferation of human metastatic melanoma cell (A375) with IC50 at <10 μM by upregulating heme oxygenase-1, sulfiredoxin-1, thioredoxin reductase-1 and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor-1A, as well as inhibiting nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)-induced interleukin (IL)-8 production, thereby arresting the cell cycle at G1.