In a randomized, placebo-controlled study performed on patients suffering from DN, turmeric supplementation for 2 months led to reduced proteinuria and significantly decreased serum TGF-β as well as serum and urinary IL-8 (both of which are pathogenetic contributors to DN), but did not improve creatinine levels (albeit the study was short term), nor did it alter TNF-α [180]. This evidence concerns the gene CXCL8 and liver dysplastic nodule.