TNF and clostridium difficile infection: For example, Dalal et al. reported no significant CDI risk difference between vedolizumab and anti-TNFα in UC patients (hazard ratio (HR) 0.33, 95% CI 0.05–2.03), but identified lower severe CDI risk with vedolizumab (HR 0.10, 95% CI 0.01–0.76) [50].