TNF and peripheral arterial disease: Six proteins were significantly elevated in PAD patients who developed MACE: interferon gamma (IFN-γ; 42.55 [SD 15.11] vs. 33.85 [SD 12.46] pg/mL, p < 0.001), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α; 9.00 [SD 5.00] vs. 4.65 [SD 4.29] pg/mL, p < 0.001), chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 (CXCL9; 75.99 [SD 65.14] vs. 5.38 [SD 64.18] pg/mL, p = 0.002), macrophage inflammatory protein-1 beta (MIP-1β; 20.88 [SD 18.10] vs. 15.67 [SD 16.93] pg/mL, p = 0.009), MIP-1δ (25.29 [SD 4.22] vs. 17.98 [SD 4.01] pg/mL, p = 0.026), and interleukin-6 (IL-6; 12.50 [SD 40.00] vs. 6.72 [SD 38.98] pg/mL, p = 0.035).