For EGFR-mutated NSCLC brain metastases, osimertinib (a third-generation EGFR-TKI) demonstrates CNS penetration and improved progression-free survival (PFS) compared to earlier TKIs, with AI models analyzing circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) to adjust dosing [127,129]. The gene discussed is EGFR; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.