Cytokine combinations, particularly TNF-α and IFN-γ, demonstrate broad PANoptosis-inducing capacity across 13 human cancer models, where MLH1 deficiency activates the AIM2-ZBP-ASC-RIPK1-RIPK3-caspase8 complex, accompanied by hyperactivation of PANoptosis-related effector proteins [107]. Here, TNF is linked to cancer.