In turn, a high level of cytoplasmic ATOX1 can be considered a predictive biomarker for TTM treatment in breast cancer patients at high risk of recurrence [89], although high levels of ATOX1 mRNA are associated with a worse prognosis for breast cancer patients when early stages of disease and estrogen receptor (ER)-positive subtypes are considered [150]. This evidence concerns the gene ATOX1 and breast carcinoma.