Notably, these genotype–phenotype observations align well with the aforementioned zonation-based classification of human HCCs and single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from human liver cancer, which revealed that the central-like HCC subtype is associated with Ctnnb1 mutations33–35, hence indicating that our C-G2P approach mirrors features of human HCC biology. Here, CTNNB1 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.