In alignment with this zonation-based molecular classification, C-G2P enabled us to stratify nodules either as portal-like (for example, Sds+Sdsl+) or central-like (for example, Cyp2e1+Oat+)31,32, the latter being the most abundant tumour class observed (Fig. 5a,b and Supplementary Figs. 8 and 9). Here, OAT is linked to neoplasm.