EVs carry measurable levels of TAR DNA-binding protein 43(TDP-43) and tau, including 3-repeat (3R) and 4-repeat (4R) tau isoforms.EV TDP-43 levels are elevated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis andin frontotemporal dementia. Both biomarkersshow high diagnostic accuracy, with an AUC of 0.9, and are stronglycorrelated with neurodegeneration and clinical severity markers. The gene discussed is MAPT; the disease is frontotemporal dementia.