TP53 and cancer: Due to the high abundance of cancer-derived EVs secretedby cells, they hold significant potential for early-stage cancer detection. In addition to distinct proteins, tEVs cancarry distinct RNA molecules that have been recognized as possiblebiomarkers for different types of cancer, such as mRNAs, miRNAs, andlncRNAs. EVs can also contain cancer-associatedDNA fragments, such as altered KRAS, PIK3CA, PD-L1, and TP53 genes.