Recentresearch has identified certain EV-related proteins as possible diagnosticand prognostic markers for prostate cancer, namely, prostate-specificmembrane antigen (PSMA), EpCAM, CD9, and STEAP1., In one study, researchers found elevated levels of PSMA in EVs derivedfrom prostate cancer cells compared to those derived from benign prostatictissue. This evidence concerns the gene FOLH1 and Familial prostate cancer.