However, challenges include SiEV heterogeneityand the low abundance of cancer-specific SiEVs in circulation, necessitatinghighly sensitive technologies for multibiomarker detection to advanceSiEV analysis in lung cancer screening. Mutated genes can also serve as biomarkers for various types ofcancer, examples being mutated forms of MET, BRAF, ROS, ALK, and KRAS. This evidence concerns the gene KRAS and cancer.