EPCAM and cancer: By synergizing three key innovations, EpCAM aptamer-functionalizedgold nanoarrays for cancer-specific EV capture, CRISPR/Cas13a-basedRNA sensing for sensitive and selective miRNA detection, and liposomeand EV fusion-mediated nanoscale reactors for signal amplification,this platform addresses critical shortcomings in conventional methodologies,such as low specificity in EV isolation, RNA degradation during extraction,and insufficient sensitivity in biomarker detection.