Another study stimulated normal cervical epithelial cells with LPS, leading to enhanced proliferation and invasion, alongside increased expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) as well as NLRP3 and caspase-4, further underscoring the role of NLRP3 and IL-1β in cancer progression (129). This evidence concerns the gene NLRP3 and cancer.