HIF1A and neoplasm: Additionally, succinic acid, a metabolite of Clostridium nucleatum, has been found to inhibit the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-interferon beta (cGAS-IFN-β) pathway and decrease Th1 chemokine secretion through the activation of the succinate receptor 1-hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha-enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (SUNCR1-HIF-1α-EZH2) axis in tumor cells.