CSF2 and neuroblastoma: In the largest reported series (n = 1,183) of high-risk neuroblastoma (HR-NB) patients treated with dinutuximab, isotretinoin, IL-2, and GM-CSF (sargramostim) post-consolidation/maintenance, the 5-year event-free survival rate only reached 61% (Mora et al., 2024; Desai et al., 2022).