What emerges from a thorough analysis of the literature available on the CXCL8-CXCR1/2 axis in the context of T1D is that this signaling pathway is central to a complex interplay between immune and non-immune cells contributing to β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance, as well as secondary complications, making the axis particularly well positioned to serve as a therapeutic target which could convey advantages over other agents discussed. Here, CXCR1 is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.