In both T1D and T2D, urinary CXCL8 has been shown to be elevated in patients with diabetic nephropathy (relative to diabetic patients without nephropathy) and related to poor renal function (i.e., glomerular filtration rate, microalbuminuria, progression vs. stability of renal decline, albumin:creatinine ratio, clinical outcome) (131–134). This evidence concerns the gene CXCL8 and type 1 diabetes mellitus.