PDK1 and neoplasm: Phenothiazines demonstrate significant potential in oncology by inhibiting tumor growth via apoptosis induction, pathway modulation (e.g., PDK1/Akt, MAPK/ERK1/2, and Akt/mTOR), angiogenesis suppression through vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production inhibition, and enhancing the effectiveness of monoclonal antibody therapies.