DPP4 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: The study emphasized the importance of managing T2DM effectively, clarified the differences between dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4is) and GLP-1 RAs, and outlined strategies for advancing their use in diabetes treatment [18]. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals show good understanding but need updates on the side effects of novel T2DM medication [19].