TNF and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis: Excessive inflammation, characterized by elevated levels of cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6, and oxidative stress, marked by increased ROS and MDA, significantly contribute to hepatocyte damage and the progression to more severe liver conditions, including non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and cirrhosis (Clare et al., 2022; Qu et al., 2021).