IL1B and neoplasm: In addition to GSDME-mediated pyroptosis, the Cu-TBB nanomedicine releases Cu+ to generate ROS with O2 as a substrate in tumor cells, activating caspase-1-mediated classical pyroptosis via Gasdermin-D cleavage and promoting release of IL-1β, IL-18, and DAMPs (Zhang Y. et al., 2023).