TNF and Abnormal retinal morphology: Resveratrol improves retinal diseases through multiple mechanisms: i) Neuroprotection: it activates the SIRT1/NF-κB and Nrf2 pathways, inhibits Caspase-3 expression, and promotes the survival of RGCs and ii) Antioxidation: it upregulates SOD activity, reduces the levels of MDA and ROS, and alleviates oxidative damage and iii) Anti-inflammation: it inhibits the COX-2, TNF-α, IL-6, and NF-κB pathways, alleviating the inflammatory response.