IL1B and preeclampsia: As inflammation is a critical pathogenic mechanism and physiological manifestation of preeclampsia, we assessed the activation of the NF-κB pathway by analyzing the mRNA levels of key inflammatory factors, including IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, NF-κB-p50, and NF-κB-Rel A. The results demonstrate that SA can significantly modulate the expression levels of these inflammatory factors in the placental tissues of preeclampsia mice (Figure 2i).