IL4 and colitis: The immunomodulatory activity observed in our study, particularly the significant suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) and the concurrent upregulation of anti-inflammatory markers (IL-10, IL-4, TGF-β), is consistent with findings reported by Shao et al. (2020), who evaluated Allium sativum L. polysaccharide in a DSS-induced colitis model, and also in agreement with (Sun et al., 2024), which reported the ability of L. decastes polysaccharides to downregulate the expression level of TNF-α and IL-6.