Jiwalawat et al. [80] and Wang et al. [133] replicated Pompe disease phenotypes on patterned planar cultures, while Caputo et al. [50] identified Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) phenotypes by reprogramming and differentiating patient-derived cells, demonstrating the critical role of the TGFβ/SMAD pathway in DMD pathology. Here, TGFB1 is linked to Duchenne muscular dystrophy.