Alteration of CCL-4, CCL-17, CCL-20, CXCL10, CXCL-13, and TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-22 have been reported in the CSF or serum/plasma of patients with encephalitis. The gene discussed is CCL4; the disease is viral encephalitis.