Elevated levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and G-CSF have been reported in ADEM, with IL-2 playing a key role by inducing TNF-α and IL-1β production and acting as a myelinotoxic factor through its receptor, IL-2R (CD25) [77]. Here, TNF is linked to acute disseminated encephalomyelitis.