In HCC, FABP1 drives tumor progression through dual mechanisms: on the one hand, it is highly expressed in tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), promoting fatty acid oxidation via the PPARG/CD36 axis and creating an immunosuppressive microenvironment; on the other hand, FABP1 enhances the energy metabolic efficiency of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by regulating genes such as CPT1A, thereby promoting tumor metastasis[18,33]. Here, CPT1A is linked to neoplasm.