TNF and neoplasm: In tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), high expression of FABP4 promotes lipolysis, releasing free fatty acids and activating NF-κB signaling pathways, inducing the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), which suppress the infiltration and activation of CD8+ T cells[24].