PPARA and Sepsis: PPARγ gene expression was downregulated in freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from human sepsis patients as well as in the lungs in a murine sepsis model.443 Treatment with PPARγ agonists improved sepsis outcomes, decreased proinflammatory cytokine levels, increased IL-10 levels, and improved mouse survival.444 Other PPAR isoforms have also been linked to decreased severity of sepsis through the downregulation of inflammation.