PPARA and atherosclerosis: PPARα agonists, such as fibrates, have been used clinically for 35 years to regulate blood lipids and prevent atherosclerosis.383 Pemafibrate was introduced in Japan in June 2018 and has since been demonstrated to be effective in inhibiting VLDL secretion and enhancing triglyceride (TG) clearance by activating LPL.384 In mice fed a high-fat diet, it suppressed postprandial hyperlipidemia by downregulating the mRNA expression of the intestinal cholesterol transporter NPC1L1 and upregulating genes involved in β-oxidation to inhibit VLDL secretion from the liver.