Associated proteins included mediators of myocardial remodeling/fibrosis (FAM3B41, IGFBP4) and proteins related to fibrosis in other organ systems (but not in aortic stenosis; e.g., layilin and renal epithelial-mesenchymal transition42, trefoil factor 2, and hepatic fibrosis43). This evidence concerns the gene TFF2 and aortic stenosis.