PPARGC1A and diabetic kidney disease: Many studies have demonstrated that mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to DKD, which is characterized by reduced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) activity, a key regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, altered mitochondrial dynamics, and suppressed TCA cycle and fatty acid oxidation (FAO) (Forbes et al. 2018; Han et al. 2017; Sharma et al. 2013).