CD4 and bacterial infectious disease: WHO recommends a comprehensive package of care for AHD, including: a CD4 count to screen for AHD in everyone initiating ART, followed by a comprehensive package for people with AHD; rapid ART initiation with adherence support; sputum Xpert MTB/RIF and lateral flow urine lipoarabinomannan (LAM) assay to diagnose tuberculosis; tuberculosis preventive therapy to prevent tuberculosis disease; serum cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) screening and pre-emptive fluconazole therapy if positive to prevent cryptococcal meningitis; and co-trimoxazole prophylaxis to prevent serious bacterial infections.2