Among the inflammatory mediators dysregulated in CKD, increased levels of vascular cell adhesion protein 1 (VCAM-1) and the pro-inflammatory cytokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in uremic endothelial cells result in increased monocyte adhesion and, consequently, increased inflammation [25,31]. Here, VCAM1 is linked to chronic kidney disease.