The results of the MTT assay showed that the proliferation inhibitory effect of dendrobium phenanthrenequinone at 3 μmol/L and 10 μmol/L on ovarian cancer cells was significant, and dendrobium phenanthrenequinone inhibited the proliferation and metastasis of ovarian cancer cells by upregulating the expression of CASP3, CASP9, and CAV1, and downregulating the expression of SOX2. This evidence concerns the gene CASP3 and ovarian carcinoma.