TNF and injury: The identification of key immunological and inflammatory markers—such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), myeloperoxidase (MPO), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1)—has advanced our understanding of the mechanisms underlying cardiac dysfunction in trauma patients.