However, reduction of dietary fat led to inhibitory effects on NF-κB activation in the hippocampus, which was illustrated by reduced phospho-IKKβ, suggesting that modifying dietary fat may confer neuroprotective benefits by mitigating hippocampal inflammation associated with obesity-induced chronic low-grade inflammatory states. Here, NFKB1 is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.