Butyrate, a short chain fatty acid with well-established anti-inflammatory and vasoprotective properties, has been shown to alleviate endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis by downregulating NOX2 expression and reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production via the PPARδ/miR-181b signaling axis [40,41,42]. The gene discussed is CYBB; the disease is endothelial dysfunction.