As typical carotenoids that exert neuroprotective effects, lutein and zeaxanthin extracted from red algae—which generally exert neuroprotective effects indirectly through anti-inflammatory or acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities—provide a significant experimental basis for the prevention and treatment of AD; for example, regarding the modulation of AD-like pathologies by zeaxanthin and lutein in amyloid protein-β rat models. This evidence concerns the gene ACHE and Alzheimer disease.