For example, individuals with pre-existing metabolic syndrome, obesity, insulin resistance, or specific genetic polymorphisms (e.g., NR3C1 or FKBP5 variants) may exhibit altered glucocorticoid receptor activity, which could predispose them to more pronounced metabolic responses even with inhaled routes of administration [21]. This evidence concerns the gene FKBP5 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.