NOS3 and atherosclerosis: BA can upregulate the expression of the transcription factor KLF2, increase the intracellular Ca2+ level, activate the CaMKKβ, CaMKIIα, and AMPK signaling pathways, enhance the phosphorylation of ERK5, HDAC5, and MEF2C, and ultimately induce the expression of eNOS, thereby exerting a preventive effect against atherosclerosis [126].