INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus: Subsequently, a 2022 Phase 2 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial by Xu et al. revealed that continuous oral verapamil administration in T1D patients helps preserve β-cell function and diminishes the necessity for exogenous insulin, whereas discontinuation of verapamil therapy may accelerate disease progression [52], thus emphasizing its clinical relevance in T1D management.