The investigation of cancer stem cells (CSCs) commenced in 1994, when John Dick’s team successfully isolated the CD34+ CD38− CSC subpopulation in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and identified a CD38− CSC subpopulation in AML, thereby establishing a tumor hierarchy model that provided a foundational framework for CSC research [4]. This evidence concerns the gene CD34 and acute myeloid leukemia.