The same study also identified key cytoskeletal proteins significantly altered in AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients, which included talin upregulated in mild AD patients, vinculin downregulated in mild AD patients, moesin downregulated in both mild and advanced AD patients, C3b downregulated in both MCI and advanced AD patients, and Rho upregulated in advanced AD patients. This evidence concerns the gene VCL and Alzheimer disease.