PTGS2 and Nephropathy: The most commonly used pharmacological treatment are: acetaminophen (higher dosage can produce nephropathy and increased risk of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, in addition, it is contraindicated in patients with liver disease or alcohol use), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors (they have some contraindications like as peptic ulcer disease, GI bleed, renal disease, liver disease, and sensitivity to aspirin) [9], the opioids (they have some side effects like as GI and sedation) [10].